Children of immigrants are an important and growing part of American society, and they have an increasingly vital role to play in the future of this country. Those arriving in the U.S. as immigrants or refugees, as well as those born here to at least one immigrant parent, currently make up more than 20% of all children and youth in this country. This percentage increased more than three-fold between 1970 and 2000, and it is estimated that, if these demographic trends continue, one-fourth of all U.S. children by the year 2010 and almost one-third of the children in U.S. schools by the year 2015 will be children of immigrants. Immigrant and refugee youth will benefit from community-based and after-school programs for many of the same reasons as their non-immigrant counterparts. However, their unique strengths and needs are important for programs to consider when targeting these youth or including them in their services. This article will address these considerations, and will provide principles of effective programs, as well as "promising practices" from across the country that other programs can learn from and adapt to their own circumstances and populations. (Contains 1 box.)