Order Analysis is a multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique for determining order among items. This paper reviews articles by different authors describing various components of ordering theory. A common nomenclature is constructed to link together the various ideas and is applied to a fairly simple set of data. Topics discussed include a more complete description of ordering theory in general and of order analysis in particular, a comparison of factor analysis with order analysis, an example of the use of order analysis in validating learning and instructional hierarchies, and a brief description of recent developments and concerns in ordering theory. Suggestions for applications of order analysis to the study of cognitive structures are included. (JAZ)