Three papers and two responses comprise this section comparing the degree to which research is utilized among various professions. Christine H. McGuire, in "Diffusion and Application of New Knowledge in Medicine," states that, because the medical profession must serve people with clearly perceived problems, these practitioners are under pressure to utilize the latest advances in the field. These and other conditions, such as the willingness of the public to commit substantial resources to medical research, encourage and assist medical practitioners to keep abreast of and use new knowledge. In "The Use of Research by Engineers," Ralph W. Tyler points out data indicating that the engineering profession generally uses relevant research findings within 10-15 years of their publication, while the teaching profession appears to have a 30-year diffusion rate. In a second paper, "Diffusion and Adoption in Educational Practice," Tyler comments that, to be more effective and to facilitate its diffusion, educational research must build an interpretable common body of knowledge. He states that conflicting schools of thought must be played down and common elements emphasized. Frank Tout responds to the McGuire and Tyler papers as does Stanley J. Gross. (CJB)