In the 20 months that Isabel Peron served as the first female chief of state of a South American country, the mass media in Argentina underwent extreme stress. The Montoneros, a militant leftist organization, called for mass demonstrations against the orthodox Peronist people in their tabloid "La Causa Peronista." The tabloid's counterpart, "El Caudillo," took a position to the right of the government and called upon the government to use a heavy hand on leftists and other political troublemakers. While articles in "El Caudillo" urged support for the legitimacy, vitality, and good sense of the administration of Mrs. Peron, articles in "La Causa Peronista" vehemently attacked that legitimacy, vitality, and good sense. When "La Causa Peronista" took responsibility for and bragged about the execution of Argentina's president, Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, the government confiscated all copies of the tabloid and ordered it shut down and its editors arrested. The government issued a decree that prohibited mention of the name Montonero in newspapers or any other news media. Further, news media were threatened over publishing information that encouraged violence or supported proscribed organizations even obliquely. The wording was vague and left newspapers wondering what they could and could not publish. Despite some spectacular raids and political successes, the government won the war against the Montoneros. Nevertheless, on March 26, 1978, the Army deposed Isabel Peron, and once again the military was in charge in Argentina. (HOD)