Recent research on mass media, with a particular emphasis on television, is reviewed for the effects that the media has on behavior and the use of media in educational endeavors. Although a very pessimistic view is taken concerning the contribution of specific research studies, it is emphasized that one should not underestimate their importance, for research is seen to have contributed some very important general concepts. The view that television and other mass media have been the irresistible dominator of socialization is heavily exaggerated: one needs to consider many other factors, such as psychological, societal and environmental influences, and the credibility of truth or view of society as presented by mass media has to be questioned seriously and checked. Many of mass media's possibilities, intentions, and limitations could be clarified by understanding not only the media's messages, but also their structure and process through professional, political, and economic considerations. (Author)