The training of penitentiary staff directly influences the efficiency of a prison system and the observance of human rights in places of detention. On the one hand, there are no "perfect" detainees. The causes that led to imprisonment could be diverse. On the other hand, the possibilities and resources available to a prison system could be limited or not used in an appropriate way. But, there is a possibility to recruit and train the staff working in prisons, depending on the needs of the prison system, in order to ensure appropriate performance of its tasks. The need for training of the penitentiary staff is more than obvious for at least two reasons: firstly, the diverse educational background of newcomers in the prison systems and secondly, permanent changes in the philosophy, tasks, and management of the prison systems. The reforms initiated in the prison systems of former socialist countries do not have any chances of success without improving skills and especially changing the attitudes of the prison staff. The change in mentality is the most difficult chapter in reform, being necessary a complex approach, including through training. Limited budgetary resources in some countries offers limited possibilities to hire high qualified staff, increasing in such a way the need for training. The reality and training possibilities differ from country to country, sometimes from region to region, even from prison to prison. Certain criteria for the training of penitentiary agents should be developed, regardless of the countries. The analysis in this paper is based especially on the experience of newly independent states, in particular Moldova. The overview of the situation in the region demonstrates that training is often minimal or inappropriate. (Contains 2 notes.)