Background: Hispanic youths have high rates of sexually transmitted infections and pregnancies, yet little research has targeted multiple protective/risk factors for early sexual initiation in this group. This study examined two main factors--parenting practices and acculturation--on early sexual initiation among Hispanic middle school students in Texas. Methods: Using data from Hispanic seventh graders (N = 655) in 15 urban middle schools in southeast Texas, we examined the association between parental monitoring/parent-child communication about sexual health and sexual initiation. Results: After controlling for age, gender, parent/guardian education, family structure, acculturation level, and intervention status, the likelihood of ever having sex decreased 50% for every 1-point increase in the parental monitoring score (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.75). No association was found between ever having sex and parent-child communication scores (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.76, 2.18). Furthermore, parental monitoring differed significantly between acculturation levels, 1-way analysis of variance F(2, 652) = 5.07, p less than 0.007. This finding was unrelated to the parental monitoring-initiation association in the multivariable model. Conclusion: Parental monitoring may delay sexual initiation among Hispanic middle school students. Parental monitoring differs by acculturation levels, warranting further investigation. These findings can inform school-based, parent-involved interventions designed to delay sexual initiation among Hispanic youth. (Contains 4 tables.)