This study noted American concepts of modern management which Turkish industrial managers tend to find difficult: identified cultural, economic, and other factors that impede application of modern management processes; and compared the practices of American overseas managers with those of Turkish managers of domestic firms. Managerial performance was examined in eight American and eight comparable Turkish firms, and 73 representatives of all walks of Turkish life were interviewed. Import quota restrictions, labor laws, political uncertainty, attitudes toward managers, views of authority and subordinates, lack of capital or organized capital markets, inflation, lack of economic stability, lack of socioeconomic information, the mismatching of educational and industrial requirements, and a lack of skilled workers and qualified managers, all acted as constraints. Such constraints were so strong that the American managers could not and perhaps did not want to overcome most of them. Moreover, all American companies operated in moderately competitive or outright sellers' markets, and most managers had been away from the American business world from 10 to 15 years. These managers, however, seemed to be accomplishing their organizational objectives. (author/ly)