This paper presents a comprehensive review of Richard Rothstein's book "Class and Schools: Using Social, Economic, and Educational Reform to Close the Black-White Achievement Gap" (Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 2004). The insights offered in this book are timely in light of the No Child Left Behind legislation that puts the force of the U.S. government behind the national trend to equate valued learning with standardized test scores. Rothstein's central thesis is that without social and economic reforms to accompany reforms in schooling, the achievement gap will persist. The book acquaints the reader with the multiple ways social, economic, and educational conditions enmesh to the disadvantages of Blacks. For example, in one of the many endnotes, Rothstein cites research reporting that among hourly workers, Black workers are unemployed for longer periods of time, and when working, work fewer hours than their White counterparts. Thus, while the wage per hour does not vary by race, annual income does.