Research has shown that the correct and consistent use of the male latex condom is the single most efficient, cost-effective way to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV and other infections. Yet information must be communicated in a way that is clearly understood and actually contributes to behavior change for both women and men. Anatomical dolls, cloth dolls with actual displays of sexual body parts, can be an effective component of any participatory, learner-centered HIV/AIDS prevention program, particularly when demonstrating the correct manner in which to use male latex condoms. Anatomical dolls are nonthreatening educational tools that help facilitate communication by visually demonstrating safe sex practices and minimizing the communication problems inherent in talking about sexual issues. Dolls can reduce embarrassment, confusion, language and cultural barriers. Dolls allow learners to become familiar with sexual body parts, engage in role play, and practice condom usage in a safe, appropriate manner. Anatomical dolls make things easier for the educator and clearer for the learners. This article profiles two programs, Planned Parenthood in Bend, Oregon, and the AIDS Orphans Skills Center in Mozambique, Africa, that have successfully used the anatomical dolls in HIV/AIDS prevention programs. These are two very different programs, yet audiences share a common success. (Contains 10 notes.)