In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), inflated responsibility (IR) beliefs and thought-action fusion (TAF) are two cognitive schema argued to contribute to obsessions and compulsions. We investigated whether IR and TAF are OCD-specific or whether they occur in other anxiety disorders. Adults diagnosed with OCD (n = 20) or other anxiety disorders (n = 21), and non-clinical controls (n = 22) completed measures of OCD symptomatology and severity, TAF, appraisals and interpretations of responsibility, and depression. IR was more prominent in those with OCD as compared with those with other anxiety disorders, with correlational analyses confirming that a high sense of personal responsibility was associated with high levels of obsessionality even after controlling for depression. No group differences, however, emerged between the clinical groups on measures of TAF, both groups showing elevated TAF compared with controls. Indeed, TAF and obsessional symptoms were correlated only in the presence of negative affect. These results suggest that although IR may be higher in those with OCD compared with other anxiety disorders, TAF is not specific to OCD. Results are discussed in the context of cognitive appraisal models of OCD. (Contains 2 tables.)