According to former Supreme Court Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, active citizenship requires that students know how to persuade others by logic, seek consensus, understand and create constructive dissent, and practice other vital critical-thinking skills. However, in the 2010 National Assessment of Educational Progress in civics, only one in four students performed at the proficient level--the level appropriate for healthy participation as a citizen of the United States. To remedy this situation, O'Connor launched iCivics, a nonprofit organization that maintains an interactive Website dedicated to teaching middle school students about laws, U.S. government, individual rights, courts, politics, and other elements of civil society.