This review aims to document the efficacy and validity of vision therapy for modifying and improving vision functioning. The paper describes the essential components of the visual system and disorders which can be physiologically and clinically identified. Vision therapy is defined as a clinical approach for correcting and ameliorating the effects of various visual dysfunctions through non-surgical procedures. Vision therapy is utilized for such conditions as oculomotor dysfunctions, non-strabismus binocular coordination problems, accommodative disorders, strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus. For each group of conditions, the paper describes symptoms of the dysfunctions and empirical research on the efficacy of remediation. (JDD)