Purpose: This article is a critical review of the history, research evidence, and state-of-the-art technology in interdisciplinary care planning and the written plan of care in American nursing homes. Design and Methods: We reviewed educational and empirical literature. Results: Interdisciplinary care planning and the written care plan are mandated processes that are imbedded in the regulatory fabric and routines of the American nursing home. These processes evolved from the discipline of nursing, where care planning has had a long and controversial history. Implications: Practice implications are provided.