THE MAJOR THEMES THAT DESRIBED LOW-INCOME CULTURE WERE--SECURITY OVER STATUS, PRAGMATISM AND ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM, ALIENATION ATTITUDE, COOPERATION, PERSON-CENTERED ATTITUDE, PHYSICALISM, TRADITIONALISM, EXCITEMENT, NONJOINING ATTITUDE, AND STABLE, FEMALE BASED EXTENDED FAMILY. THE LEARNING STYLES OF THE LOW-INCOME GROUP WERE PHYSICAL AND VISUAL, EXTERNALLY ORIENTED, PROBLEM-CENTERED, INDUCTIVE, SLOW, AND INVOLVED ONE-TRACK THINKING. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LOWER CLASS AND THE WORKING CLASS INCLUDED SUCH THINGS AS THE FORMER LIVING UNDER MORE OPPRESSIVE CONDITIONS, HAVING LESS ACCESS TO MIDDLE CLASS GOALS AND GOODS, AND HAVING LESS STABILITY IN TERMS OF JOB, NEIGHBORHOOD, AND FAMILY. THE LOWER CLASS ALSO HAD FEWER WORKING CLASS TRADITIONS AND LESS URBAN EXPERIENCE, AS WELL AS HAVING A DIFFERENT ETHNIC COMPOSITION. SIMILARITIES OF THE TWO GROUPS INCLUDED PERFORMING MANUAL WORK FOR THEIR LIVELIHOOD, AN ESTRANGEMENT FROM THE MIDDLE CLASS PRESTIGE RACE, AND LIVING A "REALISTIC," PHYSICAL LIFE. AND BOTH GROUPS HAD A FAMILY AND COMMUNITY LIFE THAT LED TO INTERDEPENDENCE AND COOPERATION. THE FACTORS THAT PRODUCED LOW-INCOME CULTURES WERE LACK OF MIDDLE-CLASS OPPORTUNITIES, INDIGENOUS SOURCES (FAMILY LIFE, WORK LIFE, NEIGHBORHOOD), ETHNIC FACTORS, AND RURAL ORIGINS.