This article presents comments and observations given by Dr. Shiriki K. Kumanyika as the Lautenberg Award Lecture at the commencement of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Rutgers School of Public Health, May 20, 2013. The award is named after Senator Frank Lautenberg, who served as a U.S. Senator from New Jersey during 1982 to 2001 and then from 2003 until his death on June 3, 2013. Dr. Kumanyika opened her address by stating that Senator Frank Lautenberg had been a long-standing champion on issues that are fundamental to population health and had put himself on the line for principles that are core to the tenets of public health. Dr. Kumanyika shares some reflections about what she sees as five critical challenges for public health practice in the coming years: Challenge 1: Achieving a "Health in All Policies" Approach; Challenge 2: Producing the Right Evidence in the Right Place at the Right Time; Challenge 3: Being Accountable for Achieving Public Health Goals; Challenge 4: Working Within the Context of Global Marketing; and Challenge 5: Finding Acceptable Ways to Partner with the Private Sector.