We describe the assessment and treatment of 2 children with autism spectrum disorder whose problem behaviors (self-injury, aggression, and disruption) were multiply controlled. Results of functional analyses indicated that the children's problem behaviors were maintained by both positive reinforcement (attention) and negative reinforcement (escape from task demands). Subsequently, procedural variations of differential reinforcement and extinction were implemented in different contexts (attention and demand) and were effective in reducing problem behavior, increasing appropriate communication, and increasing compliance.