A cultural history of Simmons University from 1879 to 1930 is presented, based primarily on original records, including slave narratives, school annuals, denominational minutes, and newspapers. The account is also a cultural study of black Baptists, especially in their Kentucky denominational institution. This black-owned and controlled school of higher education had college, theological, law, and medical departments. Attention is directed to: the making of a black American Protestant civilization in light of slavery and Kentucky Baptists, the role of the General Association of Colored Baptists in Kentucky, the medical and law departments, black pride and autonomy versus white money and control, and the theology of the National Baptist Convention and black Kentucky Baptists. Issues include: the desire by black Baptists for a leadership role, the problem of paternalism and condescension, the minimal financial support received by Simmons University from the Northern and Southern Baptists and from philanthropic agencies, and the university's demise due largely to the Depression and lack of financial support from whites. (SW)