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ERIC Number: EJ1056523
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2014-May
Pages: 14
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0278-7393
EISSN: N/A
Availability of Semantic Knowledge in Familiar-Only Experiences for Names
Bowles, Ben; Köhler, Stefan
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, v40 n3 p724-737 May 2014
Situations in which the name of a person is perceived as familiar but does not trigger recall of pertinent semantic knowledge are common in daily life. In current connectionist models of person recognition, such "familiar-only" experiences reflect supra-threshold activation at person-identity nodes but subthreshold activation at nodes representing semantic knowledge. As knowledge is posited to be either present or absent according to a threshold, these models predict that no semantic knowledge should be observed in association with familiar-only experiences. In 4 experiments, we tested this prediction with fame judgments for names and a highly sensitive forced-choice occupation task. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that familiar-only experiences for fame judgments are associated with above-chance performance on the semantic forced-choice occupation task. In Experiments 2 and 3, we replicated this finding and also revealed some metacognitive awareness of the availability of knowledge. In Experiment 4, we showed that graded familiarity judgments are highly correlated with the accuracy and confidence of corresponding occupation judgments. Overall, the current findings suggest that feelings of familiarity for names are not as clearly separable from semantic knowledge as the term "familiar-only" suggests. Although people may not recall a "piece" of pertinent knowledge when encountering a familiar name, this cannot be taken as evidence that no knowledge is available. These findings support the view that semantic retrieval in name recognition is better understood as a process that operates on graded evidence than as a process with discrete categorical states that only leaves an impression of familiarity when it fails.
American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education; Postsecondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Canada
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A