Autistic disorder is characterized by qualitative impairment in the areas of social interaction and communication, as well as stereotypic, repetitive patterns of behavior. In addition to the core features of autism, many individuals display a range of behavioral concerns including anxiety, aggression, agitation, overactivity, self-injury, and stereotypic behavior. Recent prevalence estimates indicate that over 45% of individuals with autism are prescribed psychotropic medications for management of associated behavioral disorders. Yet, there remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of medication efficacy and safety in this population. This article provides an overview of the research in this area, including efficacy and potential side effects of the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications for children and adolescents with autism.