This study examined the effect of civil servants' Self-Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) and network literacy on their online learning effectiveness in a web-based training program. Participants were 283 civil servants enrolled in an asynchronous online learning program through an e-learning portal provided by the Regional Civil Service Development Institute in Taiwan. Data were collected via a questionnaire containing three parts: SDLR scale, network literacy scale, and online learning effectiveness scale. The findings indicated civil servants' SDLR and network literacy were positive; however, participants' involvement in online discussion was not appreciated according to the reported score of online learning effectiveness. Analysis of the data also revealed that three factors of SDLR (active learning, love of learning, and independent learning) and two constructs (Internet skill and information evaluation) of network literacy were significant predictors in predicting online learning effectiveness of civil servants. Additionally, civil servants' SDLR appeared to be the most important element in determining their online learning success based on the research findings. (Contains 4 tables.)