Modern organizations such as institutions of higher education characteristically include various administrative offices that gather and maintain records on employees and applicants for employment as part of their normal course of business. The objective of such record keeping is generally that of promoting efficient and effective management of an institution and meeting legally mandated reporting requirements. Although not originally collected for the purpose of addressing allegations of discrimination, these data can be an excellent source of information for such investigations to the extent that they record the details of various personnel actions and employee compensation. This article discusses the organization and maintenance of personnel data in addressing allegations of employment discrimination. Specifically, the authors describe the designs of an employee history database, an applicant flow database, and a qualifications database and outline how institutional research offices can use these databases to conduct inquiries into possible problems at the institution that could lead to litigation. (Contains 4 tables and 3 notes.)