Based on availability of case management services, drug-involved women offenders entered either a probation case management (PCM) intervention(n = 65) or standard probation(n = 44). Participants were placed in the case management condition until all slots were filled, then placed in standard probation until case management slots opened. Participants were interviewed at program entry and at 6- and 12-month follow-up using measures of substance abuse, psychiatric symptoms, and social support. Results showed modest change over time in both conditions, but PCM did not result in more services or treatment, or better outcomes than standard probation. These findings are discussed in the context of study limitations and in the context of state initiatives like those in Arizona and California designed to apply treatment as an alternative to incarceration. (Contains 5 tables.)