This discussion of methods used to assess the effectiveness of training for U.S. Army personnel identifies various types of training, describes methods currently used, and suggests ways of improving the assessment process. The methodology and results of assessments of effectiveness, including the costs associated with the level of performance, are reported for three types of training: (1) flight simulators, which have been evaluated on the basis of transfer of training; (2) computer based instruction, including both computer assisted and computer managed instruction as compared with conventional instruction; and (3) maintenance simulators used to train technicians how to perform routine maintenance, diagnose malfunction, and replace faulty parts. Findings indicate that, while these methods of training are generally found to be as effective as the more conventional methods, their effectiveness has been measured only at schools and not subsequently on the job, and only limited cost data are available. A 14-item reference list and 14 figures are provided. (LMM)