The perspectives of 84 African American students attending a predominantly White institution (PWI) were qualitatively analyzed to identify the conditions under which African American student organizations were perceived as assets and liabilities to academic success. Results indicate that involvement in African American student organizations can hinder the academic achievement of students who value hierarchical leadership styles, service toward systemic change, and leadership experiences over grades. Implications for advising African American students at PWIs are provided along with suggestions for modifying Astin's (1984) theory of student involvement when applying it to African Americans at PWIs.