A study on differences between the leadership behaviors and attitudes of male and female college presidents is presented. Women are rarely represented in top academic administrative positions in higher education. Reasons include sex discrimination, negative perceptions of them as administrators, and negative evaluation of their administrative performance. This study hypothesizes that there is a difference between the leadership behaviors and attitudes of male and female college presidents. A mail questionnaire, the Fisher/Tack Effective Leadership Inventory, designed to identify distinguishing characteristics of effective college presidents, was used. Results are discussed according to leadership behavior scale and leadership attitude scale. It is concluded that male and female college presidents maintain similar overall leadership behaviors and attitudes, and differences in responses were based on the administrator's years of experience in higher education rather than on gender. Seven recommendations include: replicate the study using women college presidents and women chief executive officers in business and industry; study women college presidents using qualitative research procedures; and conduct other gender-related studies on the specific dimensions of presidential leadership. Three appendices are: the Fisher/Tack Effective Leadership Inventory; mean responses of male and female college presidents to demographic items; and mean responses of male and female college presidents to leadership behaviors and attitudes items. Contains 33 references. (SM)