In this chapter, the author examines the adequacy and appropriateness of self-report data using the lens of construct validity (Kane, 2006; Messick, 1989). Because construct validity focuses on the appropriateness of data for specific uses or interpretations, he limits his discussion to the use of self-report data in scholarly research. Other chapters in this volume address issues related to the use of self-reports for assessment or accountability. The remainder of this chapter describes a framework for evaluating the appropriateness of using self-reports in higher education research, briefly reviews previous research on self-reports using construct validity as a framework, and presents new data on the appropriateness of using self-reports in research on college students. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)