The four papers in this annual volume on the history of higher education cover some of the changes that evolved over the years in various U.S. institutions. The first paper is: "The Harvard Tutors: The Beginning of an Academic Profession, 1690-1825" (John D. Burton), which discusses the shift from Harvard's original tutorship model to its modern professional faculty. The second paper is "'A Salutary Rivalry': The Growth of Higher Education for Women in Oxford, Ohio, 1855-1867" (Margaret A. Nash), which traces growth and change at three female educational institutions in that small community. Next, "'Noah Porter Writ Large': Reflections on the Modernization of American Education and Its Critics, 1866-1916" (Peter Dobkin Hall), portrays the transformation of American higher education after the Civil War. The fourth paper is "Californians and Public Higher Education: Political Culture, Educational Opportunity and State Policymaking" (John Aubrey Douglass). This paper traces the history of higher education from the chartering of the state university in 1849 to the postwar era. Two additional shorter review essays are titled, "College As It Was in the Mid-Nineteenth Century" (Roger L. Geiger with Julie Ann Bubolz), and "The Rise of the University and the Secularization of the Academy: The Role of Liberal Protestantism" (Kathleen A. Mahoney). An annotated list of recent dissertations in the field is appended. All papers include reference notes. (CH)