The author outlines the history, current situation, and the future of the care and support system for people with intellectual and multiple disabilities in Japan. He describes how the service system has been shaped from within by Japanese legislation dating back to the Child Welfare Act of 1947, and how international events such as the "International Year of Persons with Disabilities" have influenced both legislation and service development in Japan. The author also outlines how researchers and lecturers are contributing to the development of services and educating the workforce, which provides the critical supports for people with disabilities in Japan.