The authors provide a sociohistorical overview of the development of the counseling profession in Japan. They describe Japan's major social, cultural, and political changes; growing psychological problems in Japanese society; and an increased need for counseling services. Historical overviews and the current state of counseling are presented with a particular focus on the definition of counseling, professional associations, certifications and credentials, counselor education, and counseling practices. The authors also examine future challenges and opportunities for professional counselors in Japan. (Contains 1 table.)