In response to significant changes in the Indigenous information landscape, the State Library of New South Wales and Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning, University of Technology, Sydney, hosted a Colloquium, "Libraries and Indigenous Knowledge," in December 2004. The two-day Colloquium brought together professionals, practitioners and academics to discuss future directions in relation to Indigenous knowledge and library services. The Colloquium gave those present an insight into the breadth and depth of Indigenous knowledge issues that impact on libraries and archives. Presentations addressed a range of issues to do with understanding the importance of retaining and valuing Indigenous Knowledge in Australia and internationally, identifying Indigenous knowledge materials in collections, repatriating copies of materials to the relevant groups and communities, determining culturally appropriate access conditions in both collecting institutions and communities, developing, customising and implementing technologies for knowledge management, developing models or strategies for service delivery, understanding and dealing with the legal issues surrounding ownership and access, understanding Indigenous interest in and use of archives and libraries and Indigenous perspectives on professional practice, and appreciating the need for adequate resources to achieve Indigenous goals. It is hoped that this publication of Colloquium papers will be helpful to those who were unable to attend, will keep the ideas alive for those who were present, and will build on the understanding of the issues raised. Following a foreword by Dagmar Schmidmaier and an introduction by Martin Nakata and Marcia Langton, this issue contains the following: (1) Indigenous Knowledge, the Library and Information Service Sector and Protocols (Martin Nakata, Alex Byrne, Vicky Nakata, and Gabrielle Gardiner); (2) Exploring the Gupapuynga Legacy: Strategies for Developing the Galiwin'ku Indigenous Knowledge Centre (Joe Neparrnga Gumbula); (3) Libraries and Knowledge Centres in the Northern Territory (Cate Richmond); (4) Developing Indigenous Knowledge Centres (Jacob Pilot); (5) Traditional Indigenous Biodiversity-related Knowledge (Marcia Langton and Zane Ma Rhea); (6) The Politics of Indigenous Knowledge (Arun Agrawal); (7) Indigenous Knowledge, Intellectual Property, Libraries and Archives: Crises of Access, Control and Future Utility (Jane Anderson); (8) Managing Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property (Terri Janke); (9) The Role of Information Technologies in Indigenous Knowledge Management (Jane Hunter); (10) Slouching Towards Australian Public Libraries: The WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (Megan Davis); (11) Protocols: Meeting the Challenges of Indigenous Information Needs (Alana Garwood-Houng); (12) Indigenous Archival Records at Risk (Rosalind Kidd); (13) Indigenous Knowledge and the Archives: Accessing Hidden History and Understandings (Lynette Russell); (14) Accessing State Records on Indigenous People (Andrew Wilson); (15) Indigenous Knowledge and the Archives (Kirsten Thorpe); and (16) Libraries, Indigenous Australians and a Developing Protocols Strategy for the Library and Information Sector (Martin Nakata, Alex Byrne, Vicky Nakata, and Gabrielle Gardiner). [Individual papers contain figures and notes.]