The No Child Left Behind Act has had a pervasive effect on American education in its drive to bring about improvement in student achievement through assessment and accountability. In its standards-based approach to reform, measurement by standardized tests is everything. In this article, the author discusses the issue of private school accountability. Several years ago, the "Washington Post" published a front-page article about the Islamic Saudi Academy, a school for the children of Arabic-speaking diplomats. The article prompted some harsh letters to the editor. In this article, the author answers some core questions in the debate about accountability: (1) Should the state hold private schools accountable? If so, for what?; (2) Does the state have a legitimate role in ensuring that a private school's curriculum reflects democratic principles and society's core values?; (3) Does the state have an expanded oversight responsibility when public funds are involved?; and (4) Might the state's interest in defending core values clash with the First Amendment rights of citizens? He talks about Charles Glenn and what he has done on the issue of educational freedom and the balance between the rights of states and the rights of non-state schools.