It is now widely accepted that investments in comprehensive and coordinated early intervention services will generate long-term benefits for children and families. Additional research is needed to continue to improve all aspects of service delivery in early intervention and early childhood special education, with a particular focus on conditions under the control of the system (e.g., assessment and intervention, the quality of the workforce, systems and policy). DEC (Division for Early Childhood), the single largest professional organization in the world devoted to early intervention and early childhood special education, promotes scientifically-based research that advances knowledge and the translation of knowledge for use in applied settings. The DEC Research Committee used a systematic process to identify the following research priorities as among the most pressing issues and questions that the early intervention and early childhood special education field faces in addressing the needs of children birth to 8 years and their families. These research priorities are organized into six major areas. These priorities are: (1) Assessment and Intervention; (2) Families; (3) Diversity; (4) Systems and Policy; (5) Research Translation and Knowledge Utilization; and (6) Accountability and Standards. Attachments include: (1) The Process of Developing the DEC Research Priorities; and (2) Comparison of DEC and IES Research Priorities. [This paper was submitted by the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) Research Committee.]