The purpose of this paper is to identify common patterns in central authorities' steering of universities and the institutional power in neo-liberal higher education regimes. The paper examines the regulatory mechanisms of England and Japan through Foucault's idea of "governmentality" and utilises the concept of autonomy to identify the state-university nexus and institutional behaviour. The paper argues that the similar application of technologies of arts in England and Japan--such as financial incentives and output quality management--has not brought about the same effect across the two countries in institutional behaviour and culture. In the case of England, the decline of traditional university autonomy--which isolated the university sector from external pressure--and increasing external influence in the value system are the case, while in Japan, the shift is rather internal within an institution, changing from department to institutional autonomy, which is compatible with the concept of accountability. (Contains 1 table and 9 notes.)