Ensuring that teachers are rich in data, rich in information, and rich in the skills that enable them to improve student achievement requires focused attention from leaders at all levels, including federal policymakers. For federal policy to best support teachers' use of data to prepare all students for college and careers, there must be a recognition of the challenges for teachers associated with data use, an understanding about which data are more and less helpful to teachers and why, and consensus on what supports and structures need to be in place at the school, district, state, and federal levels to ensure effective data use by educators. This policy brief addresses why using data represents a significant shift for most teachers in how they perform their jobs, explains the importance of using multiple types of data to affect learning, details the infrastructure necessary to encourage teachers' use of data, and provides federal policy recommendations. (Contains 23 endnotes.)