The present article is a continuation of a study of the life values and fears regarding their future on the part of parents of children of older preschool age. The raw material was obtained by questionnaire surveying 941 parents (334 fathers and 607 mothers) whose children were going to kindergarten. In this work the authors attempted to show the relationship of the parents' value orientations and fears with respect to their future. It is the authors' opinion that there are sufficient grounds for looking for relationships of this kind. As a matter of fact, in a certain sense any particular fear or apprehension, in turn, reflects the degree of significance for the individual and the corresponding life value. The authors are interested not only in the link between values and fears per se but specifically how they correlate with a particular parental position. Studies reveal that marital status, the child's gender, and the gender of the parents influence parents' life orientations and fears. Characteristically, moreover, the child's gender reveals a kind of inversion of the value orientations of unmarried mothers with respect to the situation of the sex-role position of the married mother. (Contains 4 tables and 2 figures.)