A LISTENING GROUP IS A GROUP OF ADULTS MEETING TOGETHER REGULARLY TO DISCUSS RADIO OR TELEVISION PROGRAMS, USUALLY UNDER LAY LEADERSHIP, SOMETIMES ASSISTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL PRINTED MATERIALS, WITH ARRANGEMENTS FOR TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION (FEEDBACK) BETWEEN THE LISTENERS AND BROADCASTERS. GROUPS APPEAL TO CLIENTELE NOT ORDINARILY ATTRACTED TO ADULT EDUCATION OFFERINGS, SUCH AS THOSE WITH LOW EDUCATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ATTAINMENTS. GROUPS REQUIRE CONTINUAL ATTENTION FROM TRAINED PERSONNEL IN THE FIELD, WHO EMPHASIZE STRUCTURING THE WHOLE PROJECT RATHER THAN TRAINING INDIVIDUAL LEADERS. THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF DISCUSSION--PARTICIPANTS EXAMINING THE TOPIC, REACHING INDIVIDUAL CONCLUSIONS, ARRIVING AT GROUP DECISION, AND BECOMING COMMITTED TO INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP ACTION ON THAT DECISION. LISTENING GROUPS HAVE BEEN INFLUENTIAL IN SOCIAL CHANGE IN GREAT BRITAIN (1920'S-1947), CZECHOSLOVAKIA (PRE-1938), CANADA (FARM RADIO FORUM), AND THE UNITED STATES (TOWN MEETING OF THE AIR). IN 1956 UNESCO ORGANIZED RURAL RADIO FORUMS IN INDIA TO STIMULATE ATTITUDE CHANGES IN ORDER TO MAKE POSSIBLE SELF-HELP PROJECTS SUCH AS IMPROVING FARMING PRACTICES, INTRODUCING RUNNING WATER, OR KILLING RATS. (PROPOSALS FOR UTILIZING LISTENING GROUPS TO EFFECT MASSIVE SOCIAL CHANGE IN LARGE INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS ARE DISCUSSED.) THIS ARTICLE APPEARED IN ADULT LEADERSHIP, VOLUME 16, NUMBER 7, JANUARY 1968. 6 PAGES. (AJ)