The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and, in particular, its Sustainable Development Goal no. 4, underline the relevance of quality education that translates into long-term benefits for all learners. This article reports findings of a collaborative research study that piloted an inclusive practice index to investigate…

This study analyses the attitudes of teachers in Spain towards the inclusion of learners with autism spectrum disorder in mainstream education settings and their relationship with the perceived benefits of inclusion. The ex post facto prospective design included 180 teachers from 14 schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire on teachers'…

Despite progression in policy towards greater inclusion over the last four decades, teacher insecurities regarding a lack of expertise in special educational needs and disability (SEND) remain. This qualitative case study research investigated the influence of the inclusion of visually impaired pupils on teachers' conceptualisations of inclusion…

Currently, the inclusion of disabled students in school still faces significant obstacles to its implementation. In Physical Education (PE) classes, these obstacles are mainly associated with failures in the pre-service training offered in undergraduate courses. This study aimed to investigate pre-service training on the inclusion of disabled…

In this article we examine how, despite the understanding that a special school is not an inclusive setting, the senior leadership team (SLT) at Forest Academy Trust perceive their special schools as inclusive. Document reviews, interviews and a culminating focus group appear to indicate that possibilities for inclusive education may be related to…

In 1977, Italy adopted a policy to fully include students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. This study surveyed the attitudes of Italian teachers towards inclusive education 40 years after this reform. The data were collected from 153 basic school teachers using the Teachers' Attitudes towards Inclusion Scale (TAIS). The results indicate…

This study investigates pre-service teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education in Kosovo and identifies the factors that influence and predict those attitudes. The data were collected using a quantitative method. The study involved 210 pre-service teachers. Data were analysed descriptively through comparative means, correlate analysis, and…

This study focuses on the nature of the exclusive-inclusive profile. Given the tensions that exist between these forces at institutional level, much can be learned by examining the state of their relationship. In order for schools to be considered fully exclusive, for example, many will attempt to discourage everything that appears to threaten…

Wales, one of the four nations of the UK, is currently undergoing major education system-level reform. From the curriculum, through to a new additional learning needs (ALN) system, there is a renewed focus on inclusive education. Research has shown the importance of teachers' attitudes towards inclusion in creating inclusive learning environments.…

For children with special educational needs, seeds were sown for the move away from segregated settings to inclusion in mainstream settings following the 1978 Warnock Report. However, the "special versus mainstream school" debate was re-ignited in 2005 when Warnock recommended a more significant role for special schools than previously…

This article draws together my thinking in relation to special educational needs and inclusion that have dominated my practice. The article, through the concept of embodiment, revisits, reviews and reframes the key issues of the construction of special educational needs, inclusion and the ideology that binds them together. Through this…

This article argues that there is a strong link between the pedagogy for inclusion and the pedagogy of environmental education and tries to identify any benefits that could be acquired by pupils when the school system tries to use environmental educational programmes to promote inclusion. The idea of promoting a school yard into a school garden is…

Inclusive education has been touted as a strategy for providing educational opportunity in India, but little is known about whether and how Indian educators provide such opportunities. This study focused on Indian educators' perceptions of inclusive practices in their own schools. A total of 160 teachers and 15 headteachers from randomly selected…

Despite decades of effort to achieve inclusive education systems, the emphasis on special education persists. This article explores the contradictory impulses that underpin these two concepts and considers whether they can be brought together. It does this through the development of two models; a model of certainty and a 'model of uncertainty'.…

This article presents the first comprehensive study of the Georgian inclusive education system launched nationwide in 2006. An internationally recognised tool, the "Pathway to Inclusion--Barometer of Inclusive Education", was applied within the country to highlight the current position of inclusive education in Georgia. The collected…