Although social and cultural contexts act on each level of the multilevel ecologic model to affect cancer risk, health behavior, and cancer screening and promotion in health behavior research, people have yet to develop theories that sufficiently integrate the social and environmental context with group and individual behavior. The "Behavioral Constructs and Culture in Cancer Screening" (3Cs) articles in this issue move this effort forward and argue that the specific social context structures the culture-specific factors that uniquely modify commonly used constructs in health behavior theories for particular populations and that these constructs are not universal as currently accepted. The 3Cs articles raise the important issues related to social context and question the completeness and appropriateness of theoretical constructs commonly used to develop interventions. This paper highlights the approaches of three researchers, whose work also investigates cultural differences, to demonstrate the different but parallel approaches to explain health behavior and cancer screening. Each researcher addresses behavior change; however, their attempts to integrate culture into existing behavior change theory varies by degree of focus and success (Kumanyika, 2003).