This report examines the history of the colonization of Arctic Canada and the efforts of its 25,000 Inuit residents to decolonize themselves. Initial sections outline the origins and early history of the Inuit; characteristics of Inuit culture, family life, and spirituality; the effects of whaling and the fur trade; and the movement of the Inuit into settlements and the wage economy in the 1950s and 1960s. Section 5 discusses the growth of Inuit political consciousness in the 1970s with regard to two major development projects: the James Bay hydroelectric project, which resulted in an agreement exchanging Native rights for a package of benefits, and the Mackenzie Valley pipeline, which led to Native groups calling for self-determination and a reexamination of their relationship to the federal government. Section 6 outlines the campaign for the creation of Nunavut, a new territory north of the treeline. Section 7 examines Inuit efforts to turn White institutions to their benefit, including educational reforms emphasizing community control and use of Native languages, Inuit radio and television programming, and attempts to develop a standard orthography for Inuktitut (Inupiaq). Final sections discuss the special circumstances of the Inuit in Labrador and the western Arctic, strategies for economic improvement, the status of Inuit land claims, and aboriginal negotiations regarding a new national constitution. (SV)