This article discusses the meanings of quality in the Humboldtian university ideal and in the Bologna process, especially related to issues of institutional autonomy, academic freedom and the integration of teaching and research. The article gives an overview of current practices associated with quality and quality assurance in Germany and Norway. Although differences can be found in how the concept of quality is interpreted in the two countries, it is suggested that there are several possible links to be found between the ideas underpinning Humboldt and Bologna.