This article introduces case studies of innovative approaches to pedagogy among indigenous Mayan communities in Chiapas (Mexico) and Lencan communities in Intibuca (Honduras). Innovative approaches to researching alternative theories and practices of pedagogy are used by the author to develop an epistemology of critical pedagogy and its potential contribution to the creation of a dignified society. From the humanistic point of view these experiments in pedagogy are invaluable practices of cultural capital that resonate in a broader social and political environment. Cultural capital represents the power for social integration and cohesion beyond capitalism, produces new social relations, and contributes to the creation of an egalitarian society with greater social welfare. Pedagogy plays a fundamental role in this social production because it leads to social change. The author indicates the possibilities of an education that runs counter to the currently prevailing model of education in wealthy states as well as opening new reflections and challenges for contemporary pedagogy. (Contains 6 notes.)