The effects of sociodrama on the adaptive and maladaptive behaviors of elementary school boys were examined in three groups of six boys each. One group was used as a control for the Hawthorne effect; the second, as a control for teacher expectation effects and for changes as a function of involvement with a male counselor. In the experimental group, children listened to one of Aesop's fables and then played out the social conflicts described. The 45-minute sessions were conducted twice a week for eight weeks. In-school behaviors of the children were recorded by neutral observers on a checklist of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. Case reports for each child in the experimental group were also prepared. Analyses of results indicated no statistically significant differences between groups, although a comparison between the control and experimental groups was in the expected direction. Methodological suggestions are presented for further research of this type. (Author/AA)