This unit is one of a series that represents specific moments in history from which students focus on the meanings of landmark events. By studying a crucial turning point in history, students become aware that choices had to be made by real human beings, that those decisions were the result of specific factors, and that they set in motion a series of historical consequences. The purpose of this unit is to study the origin, significance, and administration of law within the Babylonian Empire. The social, economic, moral, and political complexity of the state in the 18th century B.C. required a written code as a norm by which justice could be obtained. The Code of Hammurabi, a compilation of customs, earlier codes, and court decisions, provided for social order. It was based on the ancient concept that law was both human and divine and given to the ruler by the gods so that he could govern his people ethically. The documents selected for this unit reflect man's early progress toward justice under the law. The unit aims toward five objectives: (1) to identify the need for a written code of law; (2) to identify the various people involved in and the steps taken in the process of law; (3) to recognize that laws are enacted to protect the citizens; (4) to understand that law codes vary in degree of strictness; and (5) to appreciate the necessity of government to provide justice and order in a civilized society. The unit contains teacher background materials, student resources, and three lesson plans. Contains 10 references. (Author/DK)