The idea of equality often, if not frequently, bogs down in confusion and apparent contradictions; equality is confused with identity, and diversity with inequality. It would seem that the easiest way to discredit the idea of equality is to show that people are innately, genetically, and, therefore, irremediably diverse and unlike. The snare is, of course, that human equality pertains to the rights and to the sacredness of life of every human, not to bodily or even mental characteristics. Thus, the defenders of equality become entangled in the same snare when they attempt to minimize or deny human genetic diversity. They overlook the fact, or fail to understand, that diversity is an observable fact of nature, while that of equality is an ethical commandment. At least in priciple, equality can be withheld from, or bestowed upon, members of a society or citizens of a state regardless of how similar or diverse they are. Inequality is also not biologically given but is rather a socially imposed prescription. Using evolutionary genetics of race, the author goes on to develop his thesis explaining where this research leaves off and where the realm of moral choice begins. (Author/RJ)