Hatshepsut (1479-1458 B.C.E) ruled New Kingdom Egypt for roughly 20 years as one of the few female pharaohs in the history of ancient Egypt. Her rule began when her husband died and her stepson was too young to be pharaoh. To legitimize her role as pharaoh, Hatshepsut began a significant building campaign by constructing numerous images, temples, and obelisks, and by leading military expeditions. Visual representations of Hatshepsut range from depictions of her as a female king, physically female in form adorning pharaonic male accoutrements, to images of her as a physically male king with a man's chest and build. This instructional resource will address issues of how gender and power can be manipulated through works of art and architecture in relationship to Hatshepsut's reign as pharaoh. During this lesson, and in relationship to their study of Hatshepsut and her role in Egyptian history, students will: (1) explore Egyptian sculpture and architecture to understand how they were used to glorify rulers; (2) investigate image, structure, symbol, and composition to construct meanings associated with gender, authority, and position; and (3) demonstrate how art and the design of environments are utilized to empower self and others. (Contains 3 figures and 5 endnotes.)