In November 1997, 140 researchers, administrators, and others interested in the support of nonpublic schools gathered at the University of Dayton to develop a research agenda for American private education. What developed over the several hours of intense sessions was an agenda that has given direction to researchers well into the 21st century. The Dayton Agenda consists of questions grouped around the following fourteen topics: (1) Identity and values; (2) Government funding, school choice; (3) Assessment, accreditation, evaluation; (4) Finances; (5) Relationships between public schools and private schools; (6) Parent and community involvement; (7) Relations with higher education; (8) Demographics; (9) Technology; (10) Diversity in enrollment; (11) Staffing; (12) Curriculum; (13) Governance/administration; and (14) Private-school research. This article presents the specific questions that were formed around these topics.