The purpose of this study was to obtain information about children's knowledge of and attitudes toward problems of environmental pollution. It sought to determine whether or not fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children in selected elementary schools, one in the United States and one in Mexico, differed in their knowledge of and their attitudes toward air, water, and soil pollution. Sources of data were 450 children selected randomly from the Fort Rucker Elementary School, Fort Rucker, Alabama and The American School Foundation, A.C., Mexico, D.F. A 50-item multiple choice test for pollution knowledge and a 20-item attitude inventory were developed for testing purposes. Analysis of results showed, that for both the knowledge test and attitude inventory, there was no significant difference for grade levels, school groups, or interaction of grade levels and school groups. Based on the findings, it was concluded that children in Mexico and in the United States were similar in their cognitive and affective orientations toward the global problem of environmental pollution. (Author/BL)