Volume 4 in a five-volume portfolio of studies reflecting different facets of the concept of education for rural development consists of three studies. The first study, "Planning for Meeting Manpower Requirements and Training for Self-Employment in Rural Areas," by Jose R. Vergara (Philippines), analyzes the scenario of growth and employment, economic policy and educational status of the country; provides steps in manpower planning and development of a suitable manpower program; and suggests training programs for self-employment (i.e., handicrafts and cottage industries, food production, broiler production/piggery, fishing, gardening/green revolution, sewing, distributive trades, and service trades). "Out-of-School Science and Technology for Rural Development," by A. M. Ghose (Malaysia), points out that in the developing countries of Asia, a shift from formal to non-formal education programs seems desirable. It presents several out-of-school science activities, showing how such activities could be linked to rural development or act as an important link between the rural communities and urban scientific institutions. "Education for Sustained Improvement of Technology in Rural Areas," by C. Prasad (India), is based on the Indian experience in respect to integrated rural development programs utilizing basically the philosophies, methods, and approaches of extension education. (AH)