Using life role salience theory, we investigated the extent to which occupational, parental, marital, and home care roles explained mental health outcomes among female expatriate spouses. Participants (N = 86) were from English-speaking Northern American or Western European countries; the average age was 38. Results of a two-way within-subject analysis of variance suggested that the occupational role was least important. In a comparison of role expectations, participants had greater "value for" (than "commitment to") their parental role; the reverse was true for the marital role. Results of a path analysis explained 10% of the variance in psychological distress via a direct path from career role importance ([beta] = 0.14) and an indirect path from the marital role importance through marital satisfaction ([beta] = -0.12). Three paths (parental role importance, [beta] = 0.14; home care role importance, [beta] = 0.15; indirectly from marital role importance through marital satisfaction, [beta] = 0.18) explained 24% of the variance in psychological well-being. (Contains 3 figures and 3 tables.)